Theoretical analysis of the resistively-coupled single-electron transistor

The operation of resistively-coupled single-electron transistor (R-SET) is studied quantitatively. Due to the Nyquist noise of the coupling resistance, degradation of the R-SET performance is considerable at temperatures $T$ as small as $10^{-3} e^2/C$ (where $C$ is the junction capacitance) while the voltage gain becomes impossible at T\agt 10^{-2}e^2/C.Comment: 9 pages (RevTeX), 4 figures (eps

Veritas Slavica: On the Value of Slavonic Evidence for the Early Apocalyptic Tradition

Hilandar Research Library, The Ohio State Universit

Jews and the Language of Eastern Slavs

Abstract: The dating and localization of Jewish presence, origin and cultural characteristics of Jewish population in the Medieval Eastern Europe became a subject of tense discussion and extreme evaluations, often connected to extra-academic ideological agendas. The question of the spoken language of the Jews inhabiting Slavic lands during the Middle Ages is one of these unresolved questions. The most basic problem hindering the development of this field was a failure to differentiate among Slavic materials of different provenance, i.e., among pieces of linguistic evidence emerging from thoroughly different historical contexts. This involves, first of all, demarcating between West and East Slavic data. Scant as it may seem, the evidence on the knowledge of East Slavic among early East European Jews is incomparably richer than the data on any other language they may have spoken during this period. This evidence is also very diverse and representative. The emerging picture may impact different fields of knowledge and prompt a reevaluation of many historical and linguistic problems. The linguistic situation reflected in our early sources may indicate a peculiar type of coexistence between Jews and their Slavic neighbors, one that differs from later models of either extreme isolationism or no less extreme assimilation attested in this region. What we are suggesting is a model in which the boundaries between the two groups could take shape along confessional rather than ethno-cultural lines

Antithrombotic treatment after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Objective: To assess the effects of different oral antithrombotic drugs that prevent saphenous vein graft failure in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Design: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources: Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library from inception to 25 January 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: for selecting studies Randomised controlled trials of participants (aged ≥18) who received oral antithrombotic drugs (antiplatelets or anticoagulants) to prevent saphenous vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Main outcome measures: The primary efficacy endpoint was saphenous vein graft failure and the primary safety endpoint was major bleeding. Secondary endpoints were myocardial infarction and death. Results: This review identified 3266 citations, and 21 articles that related to 20 randomised controlled trials were included in the network meta-analysis. These 20 trials comprised 4803 participants and investigated nine different interventions (eight active and one placebo). Moderate certainty evidence supports the use of dual antiplatelet therapy with either aspirin plus ticagrelor (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.31 to 0.79, number needed to treat 10) or aspirin plus clopidogrel (0.60, 0.42 to 0.86, 19) to reduce saphenous vein graft failure when compared with aspirin monotherapy. The study found no strong evidence of differences in major bleeding, myocardial infarction, and death among different antithrombotic therapies. The possibility of intransitivity could not be ruled out; however, between-trial heterogeneity and incoherence were low in all included analyses. Sensitivity analysis using per graft data did not change the effect estimates. Conclusions: The results of this network meta-analysis suggest an important absolute benefit of adding ticagrelor or clopidogrel to aspirin to prevent saphenous vein graft failure after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Dual antiplatelet therapy after surgery should be tailored to the patient by balancing the safety and efficacy profile of the drug intervention against important patient outcomes

Algebraic Approach to Logical Inference Implementation

The paper examines the usage potential of n-tuple algebra (NTA) developed by the authors as a theoretical generalization of structures and methods applied in intelligence systems. NTA supports formalization of a wide set of logical problems (abductive and modified conclusions, modelling of graphs, semantic networks, expert rules, etc.). This article mostly describes implementation of logical inference by means of NTA. Logical inference procedures in NTA can include, besides the known logical calculus methods, new algebraic methods for checking correctness of a consequence or for finding corollaries to a given axiom system. Inference methods consider (above feasibility of certain substitutions) inner structure of knowledge to be processed, thus providing faster solving of standard logical analysis tasks. Matrix properties of NTA objects allow to decrease laboriousness of intellectual procedures as well as to efficiently parallel logical inference algorithms. In NTA, we discovered new structural and statistical classes of conjunctive normal forms whose satisfiability can be detected for polynomial time. Consequently, many algorithms whose complexity evaluation is theoretically high, e.g. exponential, can in practice be solved in polynomial time, on the average. As for making databases more intelligent, NTA can be considered an extension of relational algebra to knowledge processing. In the authors' opinion, NTA can become a methodological basis for creating knowledge processing languages

Inductive Generalization in Logical Inference and Techniques to Estimate It

The paper presents a novel approach to problems of deductive reasoning in frames of n-tuple algebra (NTA) earlier developed by the authors. Investigations of such problems let us determine the minimal consequence in logical inference and develop techniques to find it. Besides, we have proved that many formally correct consequences are inductive generalizations of this minimal consequence. An NTA-based method is proposed to obtain a numerical estimation for the degree of such an inductive generalization. In particular, it becomes possible to predict the number of consequences for a given system of premises and the share of a minimal consequence in a universe

The господь–господинъ Dichotomy and the Cyrillo-Methodian Linguo-Theological Innovation

This article investigates early Slavic exegesis and its influence on Slavic languages (and, more broadly, models for transferring Judeo-Christian thought onto the Slavic soil). The investigation is based on an example of a unique phenomenon related to the sacro-secular homonymy in the terminology defining the God of monotheistic religions. Out of all the languages of Christian civilization, only the languages belonging to Slavia Orthodoxa depart from this general pattern. The development of a dichotomy between the forms gospod’ (“lord”) and gospodin” (“master”) is connected with a particular translational exegesis unknown in other early ecclesiastical traditions. This therefore stands as a unique and, at any rate, independent Slavic innovation in the interpretation of the biblical text. This new Slavic dichotomy compensated for the ambiguous polysemy of the underlying Greek term, κύριος (kyrios), and restored a semantic distinction present in the original Biblical Hebrew text. This phenomenon represents one of the not yet completely elucidated and comprehended cases of independent Slavic exegetical thought, which at this early stage manifested itself not so much in the composition of biblical commentaries and theological works as in translational and editorial choices. It is also significant that certain processes in the allocation of meanings depending on the grammatical form, attested already in early Slavic biblical texts, are cognate with analogous processes in contemporary Slavic languages. Moreover, such semantic distinction between related and highly cognate forms has even enriched the modern Slavic languages connected to this tradition, thus creating means of artistic expression that remain impossible in most other languages of Christian civilization

Дихотомия господь / господинъ и кирилло-мефодиевская лингво-теологическая инновация

This article investigates early Slavic exegesis and its influence on Slavic languages (and, more broadly, models for transferring Judeo-Christian thought onto the Slavic soil). The investigation is based on an example of a unique phenomenon related to the sacro-secular homonymy in the terminology defining the God of monotheistic religions. Out of all the languages of Christian civilization, only the languages belonging to Slavia Orthodoxa depart from this general pattern. The development of a dichotomy between the forms gospod’ (“lord”) and gospodin” (“master”) is connected with a particular translational exegesis unknown in other early ecclesiastical traditions. This therefore stands as a unique and, at any rate, independent Slavic innovation in the interpretation of the biblical text. This new Slavic dichotomy compensated for the ambiguous polysemy of the underlying Greek term, κύριος (kyrios), and restored a semantic distinction present in the original Biblical Hebrew text. This phenomenon represents one of the not yet completely elucidated and comprehended cases of independent Slavic exegetical thought, which at this early stage manifested itself not so much in the composition of biblical commentaries and theological works as in translational and editorial choices. It is also significant that certain processes in the allocation of meanings depending on the grammatical form, attested already in early Slavic biblical texts, are cognate with analogous processes in contemporary Slavic languages. Moreover, such semantic distinction between related and highly cognate forms has even enriched the modern Slavic languages connected to this tradition, thus creating means of artistic expression that remain impossible in most other languages of Christian civilization. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.2В статье рассматривается ранняя славянская экзегеза и ее влияние на славянские языки (и шире — модели перенесения иудео-христианского мышления на славянскую почву) на примере уникального феномена профанно-сакральной омонимии терминологии, определяющей Бога монотеистических религий, которая из всех языков христианской цивилизации снимается только в языках, принадлежащих к Slavia Orthodoxa. Развитие дихотомии форм господь и господинъ связано с переводческой экзегезой, неизвестной другим ранним церковным традициям и являющейся уникальной — и во всяком случае, самостоятельной — славянской инновацией в интерпретации библейского текста. Новая славянская дихотомия компенсировала многозначность стоящего за ней греческого термина κύριος и восстанавливала различение значений оригинального еврейского текста Библии. Это один из не вполне выявленных и осмысленных случаев самостоятельной славянской экзегетической мысли, на этом раннем этапе проявлявшейся не столько в сочинении библейских комментариев и богословских трудов, сколько в переводческом и редакторском выборе. Важно также, что некоторые процессы в распределении значений в зависимости от грамматической формы, зафиксированные в ранних славянских библейских текстах, сходны с аналогичными процессами в современных славянских языках. Кроме того, такое семантическое различение родственных и очень сходных форм обогатило и причастные к этой традиции современные славянские языки, создав средства художественного выражения, невозможные в большинстве других языков христианской цивилизации. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2019.8.1.